0:00Hi. Nurse Sherry here.
0:01And today we're gonna go over a neuro assessment.
0:04And the assessment that a lot of nurses,
0:05medical assistants,
0:06and other healthcare professionals do is called the Glasgow Coma Scale.
0:11So we do this when somebody's had an injury to their brain,
0:14so it could be a stroke, or if they were in a motor vehicle accident
0:18or any kind of accident that had massive, um,
0:20damage, like,
0:21to their head. Um,
0:23this can also be done for stroke victims.
0:25And we also do it as a baseline
0:27for somebody that just comes into the hospital.
0:29So it's something you're gonna do on a regular basis.
0:32So the first thing that we're gonna assess is the eye response.
0:35So the first one is gonna be spontaneously.
0:38So that just means I walk in the room and my patients looking at me.
0:41So you're gonna see them in the screen here.
0:44You'll see the different numbers that you're gonna write down
0:47to end up getting a score for your patient.
0:50Okay, so that would be spontaneously.
0:53So then the second one would be,
0:55is if I came in and I did a verbal response,
0:58so does she open her eyes upon verbal response?
1:00So say she was just laying here like this,
1:02and I was like, hi, Jaden,
1:03how are you? Hi,
1:05how are you? And see,
1:06she opens her eyes. So that's the score I would give for, um,
1:09opening your eyes. The other thing would Be as to pain.
1:13So if the patient didn't respond to verbal stimuli,
1:17um, or respond to, um,
1:20me just walking in the room and open looking at me,
1:23then the next thing I'm gonna do is a painful stimulus.
1:27So you can use something sharp,
1:30um, if you would like,
1:32you can use something sharp,
1:33like on their foot, on their leg.
1:35Just kinda move it down and see if they open their eyes.
1:38The easiest one I find is doing a sternum rub.
1:41So that's when you put your hand like this,
1:43and you put it up against their sternum,
1:45and you just rub it like this.
1:47When you do that, it causes pain.
1:49So you should do it to yourself
1:50just so that you feel what it feels like.
1:52So that's enough pain that somebody would open their eyes
1:55if they were conscious. And then the last one is gonna be no response.
1:59So I do painful. I try verbal,
2:01and I try just walking in the room.
2:04I get no eye response. So that is gonna be unresponsive.
2:08And that is for the eye exam.
2:11Then the next one I'm gonna do is level of consciousness.
2:13So say my patient is sitting here,
2:15and I'm gonna assess whether she is confused or not.
2:18Does she know where she is?
2:20So we always want to know,
2:21is the person alert to their person?
2:24So do they know their name?
2:25Do they know their location?
2:27Do they know The month or, like,
2:29what season it is. Or you can ask them who the president is,
2:34something that somebody that most people know,
2:37just to see if she would. If she could answer those.
2:40So I would come in and I'd say, hi,
2:42my name is Sherry. Can you tell me your name and date of birth?
2:45Jaden. And I'm not. 1:08.
2:46So there, I just got that.
2:48She does know her name. Right.
2:50So now the next one, I'm gonna ask,
2:52do you know where you are today?
2:54Okay. And then if she responds,
2:56she's gonna tell me exactly where she is,
2:58and I'm gonna say, yes,
2:58that is correct. And then the third one,
3:01I would ask her, do you know what season it is,
3:04or month it is, or day it is? Fall,
3:07October and the 30th. And remember that some people,
3:11like, if you were doing this on a patient that was in a nursing home,
3:14um, they might not know the day.
3:16And so that's why I will just ask them simply, uh,
3:19you know, what's the next holiday coming up?
3:22Or anything like that. Something that they should know is going on.
3:25They can say, it's hot outside or it's cold outside.
3:27That still is gonna give me some sort of information.
3:30When I'm asking my patient these questions,
3:32I'm gonna be able to tell if she has inappropriate words.
3:36Inappropriate doesn't mean her saying foul things.
3:39It means, does the information she Gives me
3:42have anything to do with what I'm talking about.
3:45So if I came in and asked her where she was,
3:47and she told me she was on Mount Everest,
3:50and she was, you know,
3:52doing a climb or something like that,
3:53that's inappropriate. Sometimes people do, like,
3:56inappropriate laughing, uh,
3:58out of nervousness or something like that.
4:00But that's what we're looking at. Inappropriate.
4:02Like, it doesn't match the setting that we're at.
4:05And then the next one is gonna be incomprehensible words.
4:08So if I ask her a question,
4:10and she has some sort of dysphagia,
4:13that would mean she'd had difficulty speaking.
4:15So a lot of stroke victims, uh,
4:18might have this, and it's called, like,
4:20expressive aphasia.
4:21They're unable to express the words that they're trying to say.
4:24If I ask her what she's having for dinner tonight,
4:26and she says, yes,
4:28I would like to go to the bathroom.
4:29Okay. So she's replying to something that I didn't even ask her.
4:33So it's like they can't say the words that they're trying to say.
4:36Incomprehensible words would be when she's saying things
4:40and they don't make sense,
4:41or slurring words, things like that.
4:43So that's what.
4:44That's another thing I'm looking for when I'm talking to her.
4:47So you can ask a lot of different questions,
4:49or just simply talk to her about things that you know are factual.
4:53That you can get that information back from her.
4:56Next one would just be, no, Response.
4:57She gives me no response when I talk to her.
5:00So she doesn't verbally. Even if she's looking at me,
5:03she has no verbal response.
5:05Now, the next assessment I'm gonna do is a motor response.
5:08So I wanna know how weak she is if both sides are symmetrical.
5:12So, symmetrical meaning that her strength is the same on both sides.
5:16Again, if somebody has a stroke or was in a motor vehicle accident
5:19or had any kind of brain injury,
5:22you might see signs that are asymmetrical.
5:25So, um,
5:26I'm. I'm looking for that,
5:27and I'm looking for how, uh,
5:28much they can grasp, how much muscle tone they do have.
5:32Okay, so the first thing I'm gonna do is do her grab her hands,
5:36ask the patient to put her hands in mine,
5:38and I'm gonna ask her to squeeze as tight as she can.
5:40Just squeeze my hands.
5:42Now, see,
5:43I feel the squeezing, and it's a symmetrical.
5:46So I'll have her. Her put her hands out,
5:49and I'll put mine on top, and I'm gonna say, okay,
5:51push up. And I wanna make sure.
5:54And I'm gonna push down while she pushes up.
5:56And then I'm gonna put my hands down and tell her to push down,
5:59and I'm gonna lift up. So this is a normal response.
6:03The next one I'm gonna do is move down to her legs and feet.
6:05And so I'm gonna come down to the end of the bed here.
6:09And I'm gonna say, okay,
6:10I'm gonna go ahead and push upward on your feet.
6:12I want you to push downward.
6:14Okay, so I push up and I can feel.
6:16And as you can see, she's pushing down
6:17and it's symmetrical. Next one,
6:19I'm gonna ask her to lift her toes upward,
6:22so that's dorsiflexion. Um,
6:24the downward one is plantar flexion.
6:26So dorsiflexion, she's gonna push up and I'm pushing down.
6:30Those are all great responses that she's having.
6:33Now I'm gonna check her legs
6:34and I'm just gonna say, I'm gonna lift your legs up,
6:36I want you to push them down,
6:39and then you can do the same for the legs.
6:42Push up and I'm gonna push down.
6:44Okay? So I know that her strength is all normal.
6:47Another one I can do with the arms is have her lift her arms out
6:51and I'm gonna tell her I'm gonna push up and she's gonna push down.
6:54Okay,
6:56perfect. And then I'm gonna do the opposite
6:59and make sure she can push up and I can push down.
7:02Now, if this was abnormal,
7:05when I put my hands on here,
7:06I want you to give me less strength in the left hand. Okay?
7:09So when I put my hands on here,
7:11now push up with your hands
7:13and I'm gonna push away down on your hands. Okay?
7:15Alright, go.
7:16Now, you see like one is gonna be higher than the other.
7:20After doing this assessment,
7:22I could Determine that she could obey commands.
7:25Anything that I asked her to do,
7:26she did. So she would be on the.
7:28I would Mark her as obeys command.
7:31The next one we're gonna assess is pain.
7:33So on this, I want her to be able to tell me where the pain is.
7:37So I will have her close her eyes,
7:39and I'm gonna say, okay,
7:41you'll feel something sharp.
7:42You tell me where it is. So go ahead and close your eyes
7:48on my hand. On your hand.
7:50Which hand? My left one.
7:51Okay. And my right arm.
7:55Okay. So that's, like,
7:56a localized pain. She knows where it is.
7:58She can tell me where it is.
8:00The next type of pain
8:01is that she is going to do a normal response to pain.
8:04So she's awake. So I'm not going to do a sternal rub on her.
8:08So again, I can use this.
8:11And as I give her pain, she would, like,
8:14move her hand away from me,
8:16you know, so they're gonna kind of, like,
8:18be like, whoa,
8:18that kind of hurts. Right.
8:19So that's. That's another assessment that we're looking for.
8:23Do they flex or withdraw from pain?
8:25Okay, so they're moving because they don't like it.
8:28The next two positions are gonna be
8:30positions that are gonna be very obvious when you walk into the room.
8:33Is decorticate and decerebrate.
8:35So she's in the decorticate position right here.
8:38What you are looking for in this position,
8:40Are her wrists curled inward?
8:43Her elbows are bent
8:44and you can see even in the word is core she's bent,
8:48bent into the core. So this is the cordicate.
8:51Her feet. Her legs are rigid and straight and her feet are inward.
8:57Her toes are outward, like pointing downward.
9:00So she's got a plantar flexion and inward.
9:03Okay, so inversion,
9:05plantar flexion on the feet.
9:07This is the decubitus position.
9:08So this is something you're gonna walk in and just see.
9:10Something that's very obvious about this
9:12is that the patient has their wrists outward,
9:16their fingers curled in and it's tight to their body.
9:19So they're, they're like she is right now. Again,
9:22the legs are rigid, toes are pointed inward and plantar flexion, um,
9:27and this is a typical sign of that.
9:29So you would Mark this next to, um,
9:32that response if you were to walk in and see this,
9:34cause they would just be in this position.
9:36So when scoring the patient, um,
9:39she would score a 15.
9:40So 15 is a normal conscious patient with no brain injury indicated.
9:45Um, if they have between 13 and 15,
9:47that could be a mild or like
9:49it would be 13 or 14 would be like a mild brain injury.
9:52And then anything from nine to 12 would be a moderate brain injury.
9:56Anything eight or less is going to be a severe brain injury.
10:00Alright, and that's all I have for Glasgow Coma Scale.